Add thread safety for group operations (#1816)

Fixes crashes and race conditions when bots perform group/guild/arena
operations by moving thread-unsafe code to world thread.

Potentially fixes #1124

## Changes

- Added operation queue system that runs in world thread
- Group operations (invite, remove, convert to raid, set leader) now
queued
- Arena formation refactored to use queue
- Guild operations changed to use packet queueing

## Testing

Set `MapUpdate.Threads` > 1 in worldserver.conf to enable multiple map
threads, then test:
- Group formation and disbanding
- Arena team formation
- Guild operations (invite, promote, demote, remove)

- Run with TSAN
cmake ../ \
  -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-fsanitize=thread -g -O1" \
  -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-fsanitize=thread -g -O1" \
  -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS="-fsanitize=thread" \
  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/path/to/install \
  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo

build

export
TSAN_OPTIONS="log_path=tsan_report:halt_on_error=0:second_deadlock_stack=1"
./worldserver

The crashes/race conditions should no longer occur with concurrent map
threads.

## New Files

- `PlayerbotOperation.h` - Base class defining the operation interface
(Execute, IsValid, GetPriority)
- `PlayerbotOperations.h` - Concrete implementations:
GroupInviteOperation, GroupRemoveMemberOperation,
GroupConvertToRaidOperation, GroupSetLeaderOperation,
ArenaGroupFormationOperation
- `PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor.h/cpp` - Singleton processor with
mutex-protected queue, processes operations in WorldScript::OnUpdate
hook, handles batch processing and validation

---------

Co-authored-by: blinkysc <blinkysc@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: SaW <swerkhoven@outlook.com>
Co-authored-by: bash <hermensb@gmail.com>

src/PlayerbotAIConfig.cpp

@@ -725,8 +725,8 @@ std::string const PlayerbotAIConfig::GetTimestampStr()
     //       HH     hour (2 digits 00-23)
     //       MM     minutes (2 digits 00-59)
     //       SS     seconds (2 digits 00-59)
-    char buf[20];
+    char buf[32];
-    snprintf(buf, 20, "%04d-%02d-%02d %02d-%02d-%02d", aTm->tm_year + 1900, aTm->tm_mon + 1, aTm->tm_mday, aTm->tm_hour,
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%04d-%02d-%02d %02d-%02d-%02d", aTm->tm_year + 1900, aTm->tm_mon + 1, aTm->tm_mday, aTm->tm_hour,
              aTm->tm_min, aTm->tm_sec);
     return std::string(buf);
 }

src/PlayerbotMgr.cpp

@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@
 #include "PlayerbotAIConfig.h"
 #include "PlayerbotDbStore.h"
 #include "PlayerbotFactory.h"
+#include "PlayerbotOperations.h"
 #include "PlayerbotSecurity.h"
+#include "PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor.h"
 #include "Playerbots.h"
 #include "RandomPlayerbotMgr.h"
 #include "SharedDefines.h"
@@ -85,7 +87,6 @@ public:
 
 void PlayerbotHolder::AddPlayerBot(ObjectGuid playerGuid, uint32 masterAccountId)
 {
-    // bot is loading
     if (botLoading.find(playerGuid) != botLoading.end())
         return;
 
@@ -195,7 +196,9 @@ void PlayerbotHolder::HandlePlayerBotLoginCallback(PlayerbotLoginQueryHolder con
     }
 
     sRandomPlayerbotMgr->OnPlayerLogin(bot);
-    OnBotLogin(bot);
+
+    auto op = std::make_unique<OnBotLoginOperation>(bot->GetGUID(), this);
+    sPlayerbotWorldProcessor->QueueOperation(std::move(op));
 
     botLoading.erase(holder.GetGuid());
 }
@@ -316,11 +319,9 @@ void PlayerbotHolder::LogoutPlayerBot(ObjectGuid guid)
         if (!botAI)
             return;
 
-        Group* group = bot->GetGroup();
+        // Queue group cleanup operation for world thread
-        if (group && !bot->InBattleground() && !bot->InBattlegroundQueue() && botAI->HasActivePlayerMaster())
+        auto cleanupOp = std::make_unique<BotLogoutGroupCleanupOperation>(guid);
-        {
+        sPlayerbotWorldProcessor->QueueOperation(std::move(cleanupOp));
-            sPlayerbotDbStore->Save(botAI);
-        }
 
         LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "Bot {} logging out", bot->GetName().c_str());
         bot->SaveToDB(false, false);
@@ -549,6 +550,7 @@ void PlayerbotHolder::OnBotLogin(Player* const bot)
 
     botAI->TellMaster("Hello!", PLAYERBOT_SECURITY_TALK);
 
+    // Queue group operations for world thread
     if (master && master->GetGroup() && !group)
     {
         Group* mgroup = master->GetGroup();
@@ -556,24 +558,29 @@ void PlayerbotHolder::OnBotLogin(Player* const bot)
         {
             if (!mgroup->isRaidGroup() && !mgroup->isLFGGroup() && !mgroup->isBGGroup() && !mgroup->isBFGroup())
             {
-                mgroup->ConvertToRaid();
+                // Queue ConvertToRaid operation
+                auto convertOp = std::make_unique<GroupConvertToRaidOperation>(master->GetGUID());
+                sPlayerbotWorldProcessor->QueueOperation(std::move(convertOp));
             }
             if (mgroup->isRaidGroup())
             {
-                mgroup->AddMember(bot);
+                // Queue AddMember operation
+                auto addOp = std::make_unique<GroupInviteOperation>(master->GetGUID(), bot->GetGUID());
+                sPlayerbotWorldProcessor->QueueOperation(std::move(addOp));
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            mgroup->AddMember(bot);
+            // Queue AddMember operation
+            auto addOp = std::make_unique<GroupInviteOperation>(master->GetGUID(), bot->GetGUID());
+            sPlayerbotWorldProcessor->QueueOperation(std::move(addOp));
         }
     }
     else if (master && !group)
     {
-        Group* newGroup = new Group();
+        // Queue group creation and AddMember operation
-        newGroup->Create(master);
+        auto inviteOp = std::make_unique<GroupInviteOperation>(master->GetGUID(), bot->GetGUID());
-        sGroupMgr->AddGroup(newGroup);
+        sPlayerbotWorldProcessor->QueueOperation(std::move(inviteOp));
-        newGroup->AddMember(bot);
     }
     // if (master)
     // {

src/PlayerbotOperation.h

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016+ AzerothCore <www.azerothcore.org>, released under GNU AGPL v3 license, you may redistribute it
+ * and/or modify it under version 3 of the License, or (at your option), any later version.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _PLAYERBOT_OPERATION_H
+#define _PLAYERBOT_OPERATION_H
+
+#include "Common.h"
+#include "ObjectGuid.h"
+#include <memory>
+
+/**
+ * @brief Base class for thread-unsafe operations that must be executed in the world thread
+ *
+ * PlayerbotOperation represents an operation that needs to be deferred from a map thread
+ * to the world thread for safe execution. Examples include group modifications, LFG operations,
+ * guild operations, etc.
+ *
+ * Thread Safety:
+ * - The constructor and data members must be thread-safe (use copies, not pointers)
+ * - Execute() is called in the world thread and can safely perform thread-unsafe operations
+ * - Subclasses must not store raw pointers to (core/world thread) game object (use ObjectGuid instead)
+ */
+class PlayerbotOperation
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~PlayerbotOperation() = default;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Execute this operation in the world thread
+     *
+     * This method is called by PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor::Update() which runs in the world thread.
+     * It's safe to perform any thread-unsafe operation here (Group, LFG, Guild, etc.)
+     *
+     * @return true if operation succeeded, false if it failed
+     */
+    virtual bool Execute() = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get the bot GUID this operation is for (optional)
+     *
+     * Used for logging and debugging purposes.
+     *
+     * @return ObjectGuid of the bot, or ObjectGuid::Empty if not applicable
+     */
+    virtual ObjectGuid GetBotGuid() const { return ObjectGuid::Empty; }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get the operation priority (higher = more urgent)
+     *
+     * Priority levels:
+     * - 100: Critical (crash prevention, cleanup operations)
+     * - 50: High (player-facing operations like group invites)
+     * - 10: Normal (background operations)
+     * - 0: Low (statistics, logging)
+     *
+     * @return Priority value (0-100)
+     */
+    virtual uint32 GetPriority() const { return 10; }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get a human-readable name for this operation
+     *
+     * Used for logging and debugging.
+     *
+     * @return Operation name
+     */
+    virtual std::string GetName() const { return "Unknown Operation"; }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if this operation is still valid
+     *
+     * Called before Execute() to check if the operation should still be executed.
+     * For example, if a bot logged out, group invite operations for that bot can be skipped.
+     *
+     * @return true if operation should be executed, false to skip
+     */
+    virtual bool IsValid() const { return true; }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Comparison operator for priority queue (higher priority first)
+ */
+struct PlayerbotOperationComparator
+{
+    bool operator()(const std::unique_ptr<PlayerbotOperation>& a, const std::unique_ptr<PlayerbotOperation>& b) const
+    {
+        return a->GetPriority() < b->GetPriority();  // Lower priority goes to back of queue
+    }
+};
+
+#endif

src/PlayerbotOperations.h

@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016+ AzerothCore <www.azerothcore.org>, released under GNU AGPL v3 license, you may redistribute it
+ * and/or modify it under version 3 of the License, or (at your option), any later version.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _PLAYERBOT_OPERATIONS_H
+#define _PLAYERBOT_OPERATIONS_H
+
+#include "Group.h"
+#include "GroupMgr.h"
+#include "GuildMgr.h"
+#include "ObjectAccessor.h"
+#include "PlayerbotOperation.h"
+#include "Player.h"
+#include "PlayerbotAI.h"
+#include "PlayerbotMgr.h"
+#include "PlayerbotDbStore.h"
+#include "RandomPlayerbotMgr.h"
+
+// Group invite operation
+class GroupInviteOperation : public PlayerbotOperation
+{
+public:
+    GroupInviteOperation(ObjectGuid botGuid, ObjectGuid targetGuid)
+        : m_botGuid(botGuid), m_targetGuid(targetGuid)
+    {
+    }
+
+    bool Execute() override
+    {
+        Player* bot = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(m_botGuid);
+        Player* target = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(m_targetGuid);
+
+        if (!bot || !target)
+        {
+            LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "GroupInviteOperation: Bot or target not found");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if target is already in a group
+        if (target->GetGroup())
+        {
+            LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "GroupInviteOperation: Target {} is already in a group", target->GetName());
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Group* group = bot->GetGroup();
+
+        // Create group if bot doesn't have one
+        if (!group)
+        {
+            group = new Group;
+            if (!group->Create(bot))
+            {
+                delete group;
+                LOG_ERROR("playerbots", "GroupInviteOperation: Failed to create group for bot {}", bot->GetName());
+                return false;
+            }
+            sGroupMgr->AddGroup(group);
+            LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "GroupInviteOperation: Created new group for bot {}", bot->GetName());
+        }
+
+        // Convert to raid if needed (more than 5 members)
+        if (!group->isRaidGroup() && group->GetMembersCount() >= 5)
+        {
+            group->ConvertToRaid();
+            LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "GroupInviteOperation: Converted group to raid");
+        }
+
+        // Add member to group
+        if (group->AddMember(target))
+        {
+            LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "GroupInviteOperation: Successfully added {} to group", target->GetName());
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            LOG_ERROR("playerbots", "GroupInviteOperation: Failed to add {} to group", target->GetName());
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ObjectGuid GetBotGuid() const override { return m_botGuid; }
+
+    uint32 GetPriority() const override { return 50; }  // High priority (player-facing)
+
+    std::string GetName() const override { return "GroupInvite"; }
+
+    bool IsValid() const override
+    {
+        // Check if bot still exists and is online
+        Player* bot = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(m_botGuid);
+        Player* target = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(m_targetGuid);
+        return bot && target;
+    }
+
+private:
+    ObjectGuid m_botGuid;
+    ObjectGuid m_targetGuid;
+};
+
+// Remove member from group
+class GroupRemoveMemberOperation : public PlayerbotOperation
+{
+public:
+    GroupRemoveMemberOperation(ObjectGuid botGuid, ObjectGuid targetGuid)
+        : m_botGuid(botGuid), m_targetGuid(targetGuid)
+    {
+    }
+
+    bool Execute() override
+    {
+        Player* bot = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(m_botGuid);
+        Player* target = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(m_targetGuid);
+
+        if (!bot || !target)
+            return false;
+
+        Group* group = bot->GetGroup();
+        if (!group)
+        {
+            LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "GroupRemoveMemberOperation: Bot is not in a group");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!group->IsMember(target->GetGUID()))
+        {
+            LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "GroupRemoveMemberOperation: Target is not in bot's group");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        group->RemoveMember(target->GetGUID());
+        LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "GroupRemoveMemberOperation: Removed {} from group", target->GetName());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    ObjectGuid GetBotGuid() const override { return m_botGuid; }
+
+    uint32 GetPriority() const override { return 50; }
+
+    std::string GetName() const override { return "GroupRemoveMember"; }
+
+    bool IsValid() const override
+    {
+        Player* bot = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(m_botGuid);
+        return bot != nullptr;
+    }
+
+private:
+    ObjectGuid m_botGuid;
+    ObjectGuid m_targetGuid;
+};
+
+// Convert group to raid
+class GroupConvertToRaidOperation : public PlayerbotOperation
+{
+public:
+    GroupConvertToRaidOperation(ObjectGuid botGuid) : m_botGuid(botGuid) {}
+
+    bool Execute() override
+    {
+        Player* bot = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(m_botGuid);
+        if (!bot)
+            return false;
+
+        Group* group = bot->GetGroup();
+        if (!group)
+        {
+            LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "GroupConvertToRaidOperation: Bot is not in a group");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (group->isRaidGroup())
+        {
+            LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "GroupConvertToRaidOperation: Group is already a raid");
+            return true;  // Success - already in desired state
+        }
+
+        group->ConvertToRaid();
+        LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "GroupConvertToRaidOperation: Converted group to raid");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    ObjectGuid GetBotGuid() const override { return m_botGuid; }
+
+    uint32 GetPriority() const override { return 50; }
+
+    std::string GetName() const override { return "GroupConvertToRaid"; }
+
+    bool IsValid() const override
+    {
+        Player* bot = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(m_botGuid);
+        return bot != nullptr;
+    }
+
+private:
+    ObjectGuid m_botGuid;
+};
+
+// Set group leader
+class GroupSetLeaderOperation : public PlayerbotOperation
+{
+public:
+    GroupSetLeaderOperation(ObjectGuid botGuid, ObjectGuid newLeaderGuid)
+        : m_botGuid(botGuid), m_newLeaderGuid(newLeaderGuid)
+    {
+    }
+
+    bool Execute() override
+    {
+        Player* bot = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(m_botGuid);
+        Player* newLeader = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(m_newLeaderGuid);
+
+        if (!bot || !newLeader)
+            return false;
+
+        Group* group = bot->GetGroup();
+        if (!group)
+        {
+            LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "GroupSetLeaderOperation: Bot is not in a group");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!group->IsMember(newLeader->GetGUID()))
+        {
+            LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "GroupSetLeaderOperation: New leader is not in the group");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        group->ChangeLeader(newLeader->GetGUID());
+        LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "GroupSetLeaderOperation: Changed leader to {}", newLeader->GetName());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    ObjectGuid GetBotGuid() const override { return m_botGuid; }
+
+    uint32 GetPriority() const override { return 50; }
+
+    std::string GetName() const override { return "GroupSetLeader"; }
+
+    bool IsValid() const override
+    {
+        Player* bot = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(m_botGuid);
+        Player* newLeader = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(m_newLeaderGuid);
+        return bot && newLeader;
+    }
+
+private:
+    ObjectGuid m_botGuid;
+    ObjectGuid m_newLeaderGuid;
+};
+
+// Form arena group
+class ArenaGroupFormationOperation : public PlayerbotOperation
+{
+public:
+    ArenaGroupFormationOperation(ObjectGuid leaderGuid, std::vector<ObjectGuid> memberGuids,
+                                 uint32 requiredSize, uint32 arenaTeamId, std::string arenaTeamName)
+        : m_leaderGuid(leaderGuid), m_memberGuids(memberGuids),
+          m_requiredSize(requiredSize), m_arenaTeamId(arenaTeamId), m_arenaTeamName(arenaTeamName)
+    {
+    }
+
+    bool Execute() override
+    {
+        Player* leader = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(m_leaderGuid);
+        if (!leader)
+        {
+            LOG_ERROR("playerbots", "ArenaGroupFormationOperation: Leader not found");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Step 1: Remove all members from their existing groups
+        for (const ObjectGuid& memberGuid : m_memberGuids)
+        {
+            Player* member = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(memberGuid);
+            if (!member)
+                continue;
+
+            Group* memberGroup = member->GetGroup();
+            if (memberGroup)
+            {
+                memberGroup->RemoveMember(memberGuid);
+                LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "ArenaGroupFormationOperation: Removed {} from their existing group",
+                         member->GetName());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Step 2: Disband leader's existing group
+        Group* leaderGroup = leader->GetGroup();
+        if (leaderGroup)
+        {
+            leaderGroup->Disband(true);
+            LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "ArenaGroupFormationOperation: Disbanded leader's existing group");
+        }
+
+        // Step 3: Create new group with leader
+        Group* newGroup = new Group();
+        if (!newGroup->Create(leader))
+        {
+            delete newGroup;
+            LOG_ERROR("playerbots", "ArenaGroupFormationOperation: Failed to create arena group for leader {}",
+                     leader->GetName());
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        sGroupMgr->AddGroup(newGroup);
+        LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "ArenaGroupFormationOperation: Created new arena group with leader {}",
+                 leader->GetName());
+
+        // Step 4: Add members to the new group
+        uint32 addedMembers = 0;
+        for (const ObjectGuid& memberGuid : m_memberGuids)
+        {
+            Player* member = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(memberGuid);
+            if (!member)
+            {
+                LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "ArenaGroupFormationOperation: Member {} not found, skipping",
+                         memberGuid.ToString());
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (member->GetLevel() < 70)
+            {
+                LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "ArenaGroupFormationOperation: Member {} is below level 70, skipping",
+                         member->GetName());
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (newGroup->AddMember(member))
+            {
+                addedMembers++;
+                LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "ArenaGroupFormationOperation: Added {} to arena group",
+                         member->GetName());
+            }
+            else
+                LOG_ERROR("playerbots", "ArenaGroupFormationOperation: Failed to add {} to arena group",
+                         member->GetName());
+        }
+
+        if (addedMembers == 0)
+        {
+            LOG_ERROR("playerbots", "ArenaGroupFormationOperation: No members were added to the arena group");
+            newGroup->Disband();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Step 5: Teleport members to leader and reset AI
+        for (const ObjectGuid& memberGuid : m_memberGuids)
+        {
+            Player* member = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(memberGuid);
+            if (!member || !newGroup->IsMember(memberGuid))
+                continue;
+
+            PlayerbotAI* memberBotAI = sPlayerbotsMgr->GetPlayerbotAI(member);
+            if (memberBotAI)
+                memberBotAI->Reset();
+
+            member->RemoveAurasWithInterruptFlags(AURA_INTERRUPT_FLAG_TELEPORTED | AURA_INTERRUPT_FLAG_CHANGE_MAP);
+            member->TeleportTo(leader->GetMapId(), leader->GetPositionX(), leader->GetPositionY(),
+                              leader->GetPositionZ(), 0);
+
+            LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "ArenaGroupFormationOperation: Teleported {} to leader", member->GetName());
+        }
+
+        // Check if we have enough members
+        if (newGroup->GetMembersCount() < m_requiredSize)
+        {
+            LOG_INFO("playerbots", "Team #{} <{}> Group is not ready for match (not enough members: {}/{})",
+                    m_arenaTeamId, m_arenaTeamName, newGroup->GetMembersCount(), m_requiredSize);
+            newGroup->Disband();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        LOG_INFO("playerbots", "Team #{} <{}> Group is ready for match with {} members",
+                m_arenaTeamId, m_arenaTeamName, newGroup->GetMembersCount());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    ObjectGuid GetBotGuid() const override { return m_leaderGuid; }
+
+    uint32 GetPriority() const override { return 60; }  // Very high priority (arena/BG operations)
+
+    std::string GetName() const override { return "ArenaGroupFormation"; }
+
+    bool IsValid() const override
+    {
+        Player* leader = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(m_leaderGuid);
+        return leader != nullptr;
+    }
+
+private:
+    ObjectGuid m_leaderGuid;
+    std::vector<ObjectGuid> m_memberGuids;
+    uint32 m_requiredSize;
+    uint32 m_arenaTeamId;
+    std::string m_arenaTeamName;
+};
+
+// Bot logout group cleanup operation
+class BotLogoutGroupCleanupOperation : public PlayerbotOperation
+{
+public:
+    BotLogoutGroupCleanupOperation(ObjectGuid botGuid) : m_botGuid(botGuid) {}
+
+    bool Execute() override
+    {
+        Player* bot = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(m_botGuid);
+        if (!bot)
+            return false;
+
+        PlayerbotAI* botAI = sPlayerbotsMgr->GetPlayerbotAI(bot);
+        if (!botAI)
+            return false;
+
+        Group* group = bot->GetGroup();
+        if (group && !bot->InBattleground() && !bot->InBattlegroundQueue() && botAI->HasActivePlayerMaster())
+            sPlayerbotDbStore->Save(botAI);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    ObjectGuid GetBotGuid() const override { return m_botGuid; }
+    uint32 GetPriority() const override { return 70; }
+    std::string GetName() const override { return "BotLogoutGroupCleanup"; }
+
+    bool IsValid() const override
+    {
+        Player* bot = ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(m_botGuid);
+        return bot != nullptr;
+    }
+
+private:
+    ObjectGuid m_botGuid;
+};
+
+// Add player bot operation (for logging in bots from map threads)
+class AddPlayerBotOperation : public PlayerbotOperation
+{
+public:
+    AddPlayerBotOperation(ObjectGuid botGuid, uint32 masterAccountId)
+        : m_botGuid(botGuid), m_masterAccountId(masterAccountId)
+    {
+    }
+
+    bool Execute() override
+    {
+        sRandomPlayerbotMgr->AddPlayerBot(m_botGuid, m_masterAccountId);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    ObjectGuid GetBotGuid() const override { return m_botGuid; }
+
+    uint32 GetPriority() const override { return 50; }  // High priority
+
+    std::string GetName() const override { return "AddPlayerBot"; }
+
+    bool IsValid() const override
+    {
+        return !ObjectAccessor::FindConnectedPlayer(m_botGuid);
+    }
+
+private:
+    ObjectGuid m_botGuid;
+    uint32 m_masterAccountId;
+};
+
+class OnBotLoginOperation : public PlayerbotOperation
+{
+public:
+    OnBotLoginOperation(ObjectGuid botGuid, PlayerbotHolder* holder)
+        : m_botGuid(botGuid), m_holder(holder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    bool Execute() override
+    {
+        Player* bot = ObjectAccessor::FindConnectedPlayer(m_botGuid);
+        if (!bot || !m_holder)
+            return false;
+
+        m_holder->OnBotLogin(bot);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    ObjectGuid GetBotGuid() const override { return m_botGuid; }
+    uint32 GetPriority() const override { return 100; }
+    std::string GetName() const override { return "OnBotLogin"; }
+
+    bool IsValid() const override
+    {
+        return ObjectAccessor::FindConnectedPlayer(m_botGuid) != nullptr;
+    }
+
+private:
+    ObjectGuid m_botGuid;
+    PlayerbotHolder* m_holder;
+};
+
+#endif

src/PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016+ AzerothCore <www.azerothcore.org>, released under GNU AGPL v3 license, you may redistribute it
+ * and/or modify it under version 3 of the License, or (at your option), any later version.
+ */
+
+#include "PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor.h"
+
+#include "Log.h"
+#include "PlayerbotAIConfig.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor::PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor()
+    : m_enabled(true), m_maxQueueSize(10000), m_batchSize(100), m_queueWarningThreshold(80),
+      m_timeSinceLastUpdate(0), m_updateInterval(50)  // Process at least every 50ms
+{
+    LOG_INFO("playerbots", "PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor initialized");
+}
+
+PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor::~PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor() { ClearQueue(); }
+
+PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor* PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor::instance()
+{
+    static PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor instance;
+    return &instance;
+}
+
+void PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor::Update(uint32 diff)
+{
+    if (!m_enabled)
+        return;
+
+    // Accumulate time
+    m_timeSinceLastUpdate += diff;
+
+    // Don't process too frequently to reduce overhead
+    if (m_timeSinceLastUpdate < m_updateInterval)
+        return;
+
+    m_timeSinceLastUpdate = 0;
+
+    // Check queue health (warn if getting full)
+    CheckQueueHealth();
+
+    // Process a batch of operations
+    ProcessBatch();
+}
+
+bool PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor::QueueOperation(std::unique_ptr<PlayerbotOperation> operation)
+{
+    if (!operation)
+    {
+        LOG_ERROR("playerbots", "Attempted to queue null operation");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_queueMutex);
+
+    // Check if queue is full
+    if (m_operationQueue.size() >= m_maxQueueSize)
+    {
+        LOG_ERROR("playerbots",
+                  "PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor queue is full ({} operations). Dropping operation: {}",
+                  m_maxQueueSize, operation->GetName());
+
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> statsLock(m_statsMutex);
+        m_stats.totalOperationsSkipped++;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Queue the operation
+    m_operationQueue.push(std::move(operation));
+
+    // Update statistics
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> statsLock(m_statsMutex);
+        m_stats.currentQueueSize = static_cast<uint32>(m_operationQueue.size());
+        m_stats.maxQueueSize = std::max(m_stats.maxQueueSize, m_stats.currentQueueSize);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor::ProcessBatch()
+{
+    // Extract a batch of operations from the queue
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<PlayerbotOperation>> batch;
+    batch.reserve(m_batchSize);
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_queueMutex);
+
+        // Extract up to batchSize operations
+        while (!m_operationQueue.empty() && batch.size() < m_batchSize)
+        {
+            batch.push_back(std::move(m_operationQueue.front()));
+            m_operationQueue.pop();
+        }
+
+        // Update current queue size stat
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> statsLock(m_statsMutex);
+        m_stats.currentQueueSize = static_cast<uint32>(m_operationQueue.size());
+    }
+
+    // Execute operations outside of lock to avoid blocking queue
+    uint32 totalExecutionTime = 0;
+    for (auto& operation : batch)
+    {
+        if (!operation)
+            continue;
+
+        try
+        {
+            // Check if operation is still valid
+            if (!operation->IsValid())
+            {
+                LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "Skipping invalid operation: {}", operation->GetName());
+
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> statsLock(m_statsMutex);
+                m_stats.totalOperationsSkipped++;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Time the execution
+            uint32 startTime = getMSTime();
+
+            // Execute the operation
+            bool success = operation->Execute();
+
+            uint32 executionTime = GetMSTimeDiffToNow(startTime);
+            totalExecutionTime += executionTime;
+
+            // Log slow operations
+            if (executionTime > 100)
+                LOG_WARN("playerbots", "Slow operation: {} took {}ms", operation->GetName(), executionTime);
+
+            // Update statistics
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> statsLock(m_statsMutex);
+            if (success)
+                m_stats.totalOperationsProcessed++;
+            else
+            {
+                m_stats.totalOperationsFailed++;
+                LOG_DEBUG("playerbots", "Operation failed: {}", operation->GetName());
+            }
+        }
+        catch (std::exception const& e)
+        {
+            LOG_ERROR("playerbots", "Exception in operation {}: {}", operation->GetName(), e.what());
+
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> statsLock(m_statsMutex);
+            m_stats.totalOperationsFailed++;
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+            LOG_ERROR("playerbots", "Unknown exception in operation {}", operation->GetName());
+
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> statsLock(m_statsMutex);
+            m_stats.totalOperationsFailed++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Update average execution time
+    if (!batch.empty())
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> statsLock(m_statsMutex);
+        uint32 avgTime = totalExecutionTime / static_cast<uint32>(batch.size());
+        // Exponential moving average
+        m_stats.averageExecutionTimeMs =
+            (m_stats.averageExecutionTimeMs * 9 + avgTime) / 10;  // 90% old, 10% new
+    }
+}
+
+void PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor::CheckQueueHealth()
+{
+    uint32 queueSize = GetQueueSize();
+    uint32 threshold = (m_maxQueueSize * m_queueWarningThreshold) / 100;
+
+    if (queueSize >= threshold)
+    {
+        LOG_WARN("playerbots",
+                 "PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor queue is {}% full ({}/{}). "
+                 "Consider increasing update frequency or batch size.",
+                 (queueSize * 100) / m_maxQueueSize, queueSize, m_maxQueueSize);
+    }
+}
+
+uint32 PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor::GetQueueSize() const
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_queueMutex);
+    return static_cast<uint32>(m_operationQueue.size());
+}
+
+void PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor::ClearQueue()
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_queueMutex);
+
+    uint32 cleared = static_cast<uint32>(m_operationQueue.size());
+    if (cleared > 0)
+        LOG_INFO("playerbots", "Clearing {} queued operations", cleared);
+
+    // Clear the queue
+    while (!m_operationQueue.empty())
+    {
+        m_operationQueue.pop();
+    }
+
+    // Reset queue size stat
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> statsLock(m_statsMutex);
+    m_stats.currentQueueSize = 0;
+}
+
+PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor::Statistics PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor::GetStatistics() const
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> statsLock(m_statsMutex);
+    return m_stats;  // Return a copy
+}

src/PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor.h

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016+ AzerothCore <www.azerothcore.org>, released under GNU AGPL v3 license, you may redistribute it
+ * and/or modify it under version 3 of the License, or (at your option), any later version.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _PLAYERBOT_WORLD_THREAD_PROCESSOR_H
+#define _PLAYERBOT_WORLD_THREAD_PROCESSOR_H
+
+#include "Common.h"
+#include "PlayerbotOperation.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <queue>
+
+/**
+ * @brief Processes thread-unsafe bot operations in the world thread
+ *
+ * The PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor manages a queue of operations that must be executed
+ * in the world thread rather than map threads. This ensures thread safety for operations
+ * like group modifications, LFG, guilds, battlegrounds, etc.
+ *
+ * Architecture:
+ * - Map threads queue operations via QueueOperation()
+ * - World thread processes operations via Update() (called from WorldScript::OnUpdate)
+ * - Operations are processed in priority order
+ * - Thread-safe queue protected by mutex
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ *   auto op = std::make_unique<MyOperation>(botGuid, params);
+ *   sPlayerbotWorldProcessor->QueueOperation(std::move(op));
+ */
+class PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor
+{
+public:
+    PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor();
+    ~PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor();
+
+    static PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor* instance();
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Update and process queued operations (called from world thread)
+     *
+     * This method should be called from WorldScript::OnUpdate hook, which runs in the world thread.
+     * It processes a batch of queued operations.
+     *
+     * @param diff Time since last update in milliseconds
+     */
+    void Update(uint32 diff);
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Queue an operation for execution in the world thread
+     *
+     * Thread-safe method that can be called from any thread (typically map threads).
+     * The operation will be executed later during Update().
+     *
+     * @param operation Unique pointer to the operation (ownership is transferred)
+     * @return true if operation was queued, false if queue is full
+     */
+    bool QueueOperation(std::unique_ptr<PlayerbotOperation> operation);
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get current queue size
+     *
+     * Thread-safe method for monitoring queue size.
+     *
+     * @return Number of operations waiting to be processed
+     */
+    uint32 GetQueueSize() const;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Clear all queued operations
+     *
+     * Used during shutdown or emergency situations.
+     */
+    void ClearQueue();
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get statistics about operation processing
+     */
+    struct Statistics
+    {
+        uint64 totalOperationsProcessed = 0;
+        uint64 totalOperationsFailed = 0;
+        uint64 totalOperationsSkipped = 0;
+        uint32 currentQueueSize = 0;
+        uint32 maxQueueSize = 0;
+        uint32 averageExecutionTimeMs = 0;
+    };
+
+    Statistics GetStatistics() const;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Enable/disable operation processing
+     *
+     * When disabled, operations are still queued but not processed.
+     * Useful for testing or temporary suspension.
+     *
+     * @param enabled true to enable processing, false to disable
+     */
+    void SetEnabled(bool enabled) { m_enabled = enabled; }
+
+    bool IsEnabled() const { return m_enabled; }
+
+private:
+    /**
+     * @brief Process a single batch of operations
+     *
+     * Extracts operations from queue and executes them.
+     * Called internally by Update().
+     */
+    void ProcessBatch();
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if queue is approaching capacity
+     *
+     * Logs warning if queue is getting full.
+     */
+    void CheckQueueHealth();
+
+    // Thread-safe queue
+    mutable std::mutex m_queueMutex;
+    std::queue<std::unique_ptr<PlayerbotOperation>> m_operationQueue;
+
+    // Configuration
+    bool m_enabled;
+    uint32 m_maxQueueSize;           // Maximum operations in queue
+    uint32 m_batchSize;              // Operations to process per Update()
+    uint32 m_queueWarningThreshold;  // Warn when queue reaches this percentage
+
+    // Statistics
+    mutable std::mutex m_statsMutex;
+    Statistics m_stats;
+
+    // Timing
+    uint32 m_timeSinceLastUpdate;
+    uint32 m_updateInterval;  // Minimum ms between updates
+};
+
+#define sPlayerbotWorldProcessor PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor::instance()
+
+#endif

src/Playerbots.cpp

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "Metric.h"
 #include "PlayerScript.h"
 #include "PlayerbotAIConfig.h"
+#include "PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor.h"
 #include "RandomPlayerbotMgr.h"
 #include "ScriptMgr.h"
 #include "cs_playerbots.h"
@@ -300,7 +301,8 @@ class PlayerbotsWorldScript : public WorldScript
 {
 public:
     PlayerbotsWorldScript() : WorldScript("PlayerbotsWorldScript", {
-        WORLDHOOK_ON_BEFORE_WORLD_INITIALIZED
+        WORLDHOOK_ON_BEFORE_WORLD_INITIALIZED,
+        WORLDHOOK_ON_UPDATE
     }) {}
 
     void OnBeforeWorldInitialized() override
@@ -329,6 +331,13 @@ public:
 
         LOG_INFO("server.loading", ">> Loaded playerbots config in {} ms", GetMSTimeDiffToNow(oldMSTime));
         LOG_INFO("server.loading", " ");
+        LOG_INFO("server.loading", "Playerbots World Thread Processor initialized");
+    }
+
+    void OnUpdate(uint32 diff) override
+    {
+        sPlayerbotWorldProcessor->Update(diff);
+        sRandomPlayerbotMgr->UpdateAI(diff);  // World thread only
     }
 };
 
@@ -390,8 +399,7 @@ public:
 
     void OnPlayerbotUpdate(uint32 diff) override
     {
-        sRandomPlayerbotMgr->UpdateAI(diff);
+        sRandomPlayerbotMgr->UpdateSessions();  // Per-bot updates only
-        sRandomPlayerbotMgr->UpdateSessions();
     }
 
     void OnPlayerbotUpdateSessions(Player* player) override

src/strategy/actions/GuildManagementActions.cpp

@@ -58,6 +58,14 @@ Player* GuidManageAction::GetPlayer(Event event)
     return nullptr;
 }
 
+void GuidManageAction::SendPacket(WorldPacket const& packet)
+{
+    // make a heap copy because QueuePacket takes ownership
+    WorldPacket* data = new WorldPacket(packet);
+
+    bot->GetSession()->QueuePacket(data);
+}
+
 bool GuidManageAction::Execute(Event event)
 {
     Player* player = GetPlayer(event);
@@ -84,12 +92,6 @@ bool GuildInviteAction::isUseful()
     return bot->GetGuildId() && sGuildMgr->GetGuildById(bot->GetGuildId())->HasRankRight(bot, GR_RIGHT_INVITE);
 }
 
-void GuildInviteAction::SendPacket(WorldPacket packet)
-{
-    WorldPackets::Guild::GuildInviteByName data = WorldPacket(packet);
-    bot->GetSession()->HandleGuildInviteOpcode(data);
-}
-
 bool GuildInviteAction::PlayerIsValid(Player* member)
 {
     return !member->GetGuildId() && (sWorld->getBoolConfig(CONFIG_ALLOW_TWO_SIDE_INTERACTION_GUILD) ||
@@ -101,12 +103,6 @@ bool GuildPromoteAction::isUseful()
     return bot->GetGuildId() && sGuildMgr->GetGuildById(bot->GetGuildId())->HasRankRight(bot, GR_RIGHT_PROMOTE);
 }
 
-void GuildPromoteAction::SendPacket(WorldPacket packet)
-{
-    WorldPackets::Guild::GuildPromoteMember data = WorldPacket(packet);
-    bot->GetSession()->HandleGuildPromoteOpcode(data);
-}
-
 bool GuildPromoteAction::PlayerIsValid(Player* member)
 {
     return member->GetGuildId() == bot->GetGuildId() && GetRankId(bot) < GetRankId(member) - 1;
@@ -117,12 +113,6 @@ bool GuildDemoteAction::isUseful()
     return bot->GetGuildId() && sGuildMgr->GetGuildById(bot->GetGuildId())->HasRankRight(bot, GR_RIGHT_DEMOTE);
 }
 
-void GuildDemoteAction::SendPacket(WorldPacket packet)
-{
-    WorldPackets::Guild::GuildDemoteMember data = WorldPacket(packet);
-    bot->GetSession()->HandleGuildDemoteOpcode(data);
-}
-
 bool GuildDemoteAction::PlayerIsValid(Player* member)
 {
     return member->GetGuildId() == bot->GetGuildId() && GetRankId(bot) < GetRankId(member);
@@ -133,12 +123,6 @@ bool GuildRemoveAction::isUseful()
     return bot->GetGuildId() && sGuildMgr->GetGuildById(bot->GetGuildId())->HasRankRight(bot, GR_RIGHT_REMOVE);
 }
 
-void GuildRemoveAction::SendPacket(WorldPacket packet)
-{
-    WorldPackets::Guild::GuildOfficerRemoveMember data = WorldPacket(packet);
-    bot->GetSession()->HandleGuildRemoveOpcode(data);
-}
-
 bool GuildRemoveAction::PlayerIsValid(Player* member)
 {
     return member->GetGuildId() == bot->GetGuildId() && GetRankId(bot) < GetRankId(member);

src/strategy/actions/GuildManagementActions.h

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ public:
     bool isUseful() override { return false; }
 
 protected:
-    virtual void SendPacket(WorldPacket data){};
+    virtual void SendPacket(WorldPacket const& packet);
     virtual Player* GetPlayer(Event event);
     virtual bool PlayerIsValid(Player* member);
     virtual uint8 GetRankId(Player* member);
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ public:
     bool isUseful() override;
 
 protected:
-    void SendPacket(WorldPacket data) override;
     bool PlayerIsValid(Player* member) override;
 };
 
@@ -59,7 +58,6 @@ public:
     bool isUseful() override;
 
 protected:
-    void SendPacket(WorldPacket data) override;
     bool PlayerIsValid(Player* member) override;
 };
 
@@ -74,7 +72,6 @@ public:
     bool isUseful() override;
 
 protected:
-    void SendPacket(WorldPacket data) override;
     bool PlayerIsValid(Player* member) override;
 };
 
@@ -89,7 +86,6 @@ public:
     bool isUseful() override;
 
 protected:
-    void SendPacket(WorldPacket data) override;
     bool PlayerIsValid(Player* member) override;
 };
 

src/strategy/actions/InviteToGroupAction.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
 #include "Event.h"
 #include "GuildMgr.h"
 #include "Log.h"
+#include "PlayerbotOperations.h"
 #include "Playerbots.h"
+#include "PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor.h"
 #include "ServerFacade.h"
 
 bool InviteToGroupAction::Invite(Player* inviter, Player* player)
@@ -27,7 +29,10 @@ bool InviteToGroupAction::Invite(Player* inviter, Player* player)
     {
         if (GET_PLAYERBOT_AI(player) && !GET_PLAYERBOT_AI(player)->IsRealPlayer())
             if (!group->isRaidGroup() && group->GetMembersCount() > 4)
-                group->ConvertToRaid();
+            {
+                auto convertOp = std::make_unique<GroupConvertToRaidOperation>(inviter->GetGUID());
+                sPlayerbotWorldProcessor->QueueOperation(std::move(convertOp));
+            }
     }
 
     WorldPacket p;
@@ -89,7 +94,10 @@ bool InviteNearbyToGroupAction::Execute(Event event)
         // When inviting the 5th member of the group convert to raid for future invites.
         if (group && botAI->GetGrouperType() > GrouperType::LEADER_5 && !group->isRaidGroup() &&
             bot->GetGroup()->GetMembersCount() > 3)
-            group->ConvertToRaid();
+        {
+            auto convertOp = std::make_unique<GroupConvertToRaidOperation>(bot->GetGUID());
+            sPlayerbotWorldProcessor->QueueOperation(std::move(convertOp));
+        }
 
         if (sPlayerbotAIConfig->inviteChat && sRandomPlayerbotMgr->IsRandomBot(bot))
         {
@@ -221,7 +229,8 @@ bool InviteGuildToGroupAction::Execute(Event event)
         if (group && botAI->GetGrouperType() > GrouperType::LEADER_5 && !group->isRaidGroup() &&
             bot->GetGroup()->GetMembersCount() > 3)
         {
-            group->ConvertToRaid();
+            auto convertOp = std::make_unique<GroupConvertToRaidOperation>(bot->GetGUID());
+            sPlayerbotWorldProcessor->QueueOperation(std::move(convertOp));
         }
 
         if (sPlayerbotAIConfig->inviteChat &&
@@ -362,7 +371,10 @@ bool LfgAction::Execute(Event event)
             if (param.empty() || param == "5" || group->isRaidGroup())
                 return false;  // Group or raid is full so stop trying.
             else
-                group->ConvertToRaid();  // We want a raid but are in a group so convert and continue.
+            {
+                auto convertOp = std::make_unique<GroupConvertToRaidOperation>(requester->GetGUID());
+                sPlayerbotWorldProcessor->QueueOperation(std::move(convertOp));
+            }
         }
 
         Group::MemberSlotList const& groupSlot = group->GetMemberSlots();

src/strategy/actions/PassLeadershipToMasterAction.cpp

@@ -6,16 +6,17 @@
 #include "PassLeadershipToMasterAction.h"
 
 #include "Event.h"
+#include "PlayerbotOperations.h"
 #include "Playerbots.h"
+#include "PlayerbotWorldThreadProcessor.h"
 
 bool PassLeadershipToMasterAction::Execute(Event event)
 {
     if (Player* master = GetMaster())
         if (master && master != bot && bot->GetGroup() && bot->GetGroup()->IsMember(master->GetGUID()))
         {
-            WorldPacket p(SMSG_GROUP_SET_LEADER, 8);
+            auto setLeaderOp = std::make_unique<GroupSetLeaderOperation>(bot->GetGUID(), master->GetGUID());
-            p << master->GetGUID();
+            sPlayerbotWorldProcessor->QueueOperation(std::move(setLeaderOp));
-            bot->GetSession()->HandleGroupSetLeaderOpcode(p);
 
             if (!message.empty())
                 botAI->TellMasterNoFacing(message);